Philosophical work of Karl Marx, written from May to October 1843; was first published in full in 1927. It represents Marx's first detailed criticism from the standpoint of materialism of Hegel's idealistic philosophy, especially his work “Philosophy of Right”[1]. Marx solves the question of the relationship between civil society and the state and, having found out for himself that there were several types of this relationship, concludes that there are four different historical types of society: ancient, medieval, modern society, democracy.