The monograph is devoted to the study of the complex processes that took place in the depths of the Serbian socialist movement after the death of its recognized leader Svetozar Marković (1846–1875) and ultimately led to its split and the constitution of the Serbian radical party in 1881. The book analyzes the ideological doctrine of the radical party in the first period of its history, highlighting its place and role in the acute political struggle that unfolded in Serbia in 1881–1883. It is especially emphasized that with the birth of the party, a generation of subsequently prominent political figures appeared on the national political arena, and first of all Nikola Pašić (1845–1926), the largest politician in Serbia and the “first Yugoslavia.”