The book is dedicated to the life and work of the prominent Soviet biologist and agricultural practitioner Academician T. D. Lysenko. It also highlights the complex socio-political context in which the formation and development of Soviet biology took place. It is shown that the group of T. D. Lysenko was a conductor of the line of the Stalinist leadership of the USSR on the issue of accelerating the applications of agricultural sciences to practice, which was acutely facing the country in the 1930-40s, on the fight against eugenics in the 1930s, and on the development of the patriotic movement in the USSR in the late 1940s - early 1950s. The book is addressed to a wide range of readers: biologists, geneticists, historians of science, cultural scientists.