Are transgenic foods safe? Is lobbying for the interests of Western bioengineering companies in Russia an “innovative activity”? Where should the funds of Russian taxpayers be directed - to the development of sciences that have access to solving practical problems in Russian agriculture, or to programs promoted by lobbyists of transnational corporations? The brochure of Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor P. F. Kononkov and N. V. Ovchinnikov discusses the situation in modern biological and agricultural sciences in Russia. Three examples include discussions about the introduction of transgenic plants into production; the situation in pre-revolutionary and Soviet biology; methods of action of modern influential scientific administrators - the authors show that these sciences are still an arena of conflicts and ideological struggle between two groups - on the one hand, Russian scientists working to develop the economy of their country, on the other hand, globalists promoting in this country interests of transnational corporations.