"Genuine Commentaries" is the main literary work that immortalized the name of Inca Garcilaso de la Vega. "Comments" is a multi-volume chronicle-epic, an interesting, important, although not indisputable document about Tawantin-suyu and the Spanish conquest of the Incan "empire". The first English edition of the "Commentaries" was published in 1678, after which it was repeatedly republished both in French, as well as in English. The Commentaries were also published in the USA, Germany and a number of other countries. Hundreds of books and many articles have been written about Inca Garcilaso and his work. In this edition, Garcilaso’s “Comments” are translated into Russian for the first time. The only surviving example of Peruvian drama, “Apu Ollantay,” is given as an appendix. This drama is written in Kechwa language in rhymed verses. The Russian translation in original size was made by Yu.A. Zubritsky. "Apu Olantay" was written by an unknown author, probably an Indian or mestizo, in the second half of the 16th - early 17th century. The book contains original drawings from a unique manuscript of the second half of the 16th century as illustrations. “The first new chronicle and good government”, as well as an insert with a map. The publication was prepared by Yu.V. Knorozov and V.A. Kuzmishchev. Translation from Old Spanish and the final article about the author of the “Comments” and his literary heritage by V.A.