Jacques Le Goff is one of the most famous French medievalist historians, a representative of the Annales school. A number of his fundamental works were translated into Russian. The four texts published in this edition (“History”, “Memory”, “Antiquity/Modernity”, “Past/Present”), which make up this book, represent a kind of unified reflection on history. The author strives to reveal in them the content of the historian’s work, from the position of the philosophy of history to show how its conceptualization and ideologization took place in certain circles and in certain eras. This book presents both the history of historical thought and its theory, and also provides an outline of the methodology of history, examined through the prism of several key concepts. With this book, Jacques Le Goff tried to help historians and readers better understand the meaning of the work carried out by history, to better understand history itself.