"Pluralism by Default: Weak Autocrats and the Birth of Competitive Politics" is a research book in which the author not only examines the phenomenon of pluralism and competitive politics, but also examines the role of weak autocratic government in this process. The book reveals the connection between the power of a weak autocrat and the emergence of competitive political contests in society. The author analyzes various aspects of this phenomenon, trying to find out exactly how weak autocrats contribute to the growth of competition in the political sphere. The book is an interesting source for those interested in political science and the development of pluralism in the modern world."