Modern psychoanalysis has become one of the phenomena of world culture, its terms and concepts have entered everyday speech, and its “plots” have been replicated many times in literary works and cinema, and therefore many now turn to the works of Sigmund Freud and his followers. The purpose of this book is to help the reader get a general idea of psychoanalysis in order to better understand themselves and many phenomena of social life, as well as more adequately perceive numerous new developments in this area. Since the time of Sigmund Freud, ideas about psychoanalysis have, of course, changed qualitatively, but before moving on to its special sections and later Concepts, it is advisable to familiarize yourself with a thesis statement of their history and methodology, inseparable from the personal history of the creator of this method