The monograph is devoted to modern problems of mental trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder. For the first time in the domestic literature, on the basis of a broad psychological and psychiatric approach, the history, theory, pathogenesis, clinic, diagnosis, course and therapy of mental trauma are analyzed in detail, and the rejection of the theory is also critically rethought trauma and its replacement with drive theory in psychodynamic psychotherapy. The author outlines classical approaches to the problem, highlights the content and contradictions of the discussion about mental trauma, which attracted special attention from psychiatric science at the beginning of the 20th century, analyzes modern theories, classifications and diagnostic criteria and summarizes his own research and practical experience gained during the Afghan war, participation in rescue operations and rehabilitation measures after the Chernobyl accident (1986), the Armenian earthquake (1988), the Ufa railway accident (1989) and the Beslan tragedy (2004). The final section of the monograph is devoted to ethnic and mass mental trauma. The publication is intended for psychiatrists, psychologists, psychotherapists, general practitioners, teachers and social workers.vk.com/psyfb2