In this unique study of the role of risk in our society, Peter Bernstein argues that mastering the methods of assessing and controlling risk is one of the main features of our time that distinguishes it from earlier eras. Risk is a choice rather than a lot. The actions we must take based on the freedom of choice we have are what risk really is. To judge whether modern methods of risk manipulation are good or evil, one must study the entire history of the issue from the very beginning. The book highlights a galaxy of thinkers whose remarkable insight helps us learn to harness the future to the service of the present. By showing the world how to understand and measure risk and evaluate its consequences, they turned risk activity into one of the most important catalysts for the progress of modern Western society. The change in attitude towards risk brought about by their achievements stimulated man's passion for gambling and commercial risk-taking, contributing to a rise in the quality of life and technological progress. Against the Gods is one of the rare books that makes exploring the most complex issues of our time a truly delightful read. The book is supplied with a detailed bibliography and indexes. Intended for economists, entrepreneurs, historians of science, and for a wide range of readers.