This publication is devoted to one of the most important and system-forming categories - social liberalism. Using this concept, various authors and their critics separate their own ideological positions from the views of other researchers involved in the study of society, the behavior of individuals and their groups. In theoretical economics and economic policy, this category is used mainly in the context of analyzing the interactions of market mechanisms of self-regulation and government activity. This book contains materials from a discussion on the problems of social liberalism, organized by the journal “Social Sciences and Modernity” in 2012–2016, which was attended by supporters of various scientific schools and worldviews, representing leading research centers of scientific and educational organizations.