Hired sanctified to research of events happening in Chile in the period of rule of president Сальвадора Альенде : 1970-1973 For clearing up of essence of these events, an author conducts the short analysis of political and economic development of country for preceding 150 (from the moment of finding of Chile of independence), the special attention is spared to the decades, directly preceding investigated events. To 1970 failed a few strategies of modernisation of economy of country, including generously backed plan by the USA, called to make out of Chile a liberal alternative to Cuba in the conditions of freedom" (1964-1970) "revolution. Logic of development of country with inevitability conduced to victory in Chile of the left forces that really showed the ability to change matter-position to the best, coming in 1970 to power. An author analyses innovative economic in detail politics of left, that all for a year brought extraordinary in history of country results. But the attained Альенде successes turned around paradoxical character by reason of his overthrow : on the basis of abundant documentary material (including from the American sources) the subversive activity of the USA, sent to the overthrow of the left government Chile, making off bloody military revolution in September, 1973, is described in a book and (despite a dominating to date theory) economic стагнацией on a few decades.