"The History of the Italian Republics of the Middle Ages, Volume 04 (of 16)" is the work of the eminent historian J.-C.-L. Simonde de Sismondi, which covers the period of development of Italian city-states and republics from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance. In this book, the author explores the complex political and social processes that took place in Italy during this period, reflecting the influence of different cultures, conflicts and alliances on the formation of the country's historical face. Through careful analysis of sources and events, Sismondi manages to give the reader a deep understanding of the history of the Italian republics and their influence on the further development of Europe. This work became an important contribution to the study of medieval Italian history and found recognition among historians and the general public.