"History of the Italian Republics of the Middle Ages, Volume 5" is an important source for understanding the political and socio-cultural processes in Italy during the Middle Ages. The author Jean-Charles-Léonard Simonde de Sismondi examines in detail the development of the Italian republics, their relationships, conflicts and alliances. Using the analysis of documents and historical events, the author tells about the life of Italians in the Middle Ages, recreating the complex processes of the political system and cultural traditions of that time. The book is an important addition to the study of the history of Italy and the general history of Europe during the transitional eras."