What is ancient philosophy? The book by honorary professor of the College de France, the greatest expert on ancient culture P. Hadot, gives an unconventional answer to this question: in antiquity, philosophy was, first of all, a special way of life. Considering the teachings of such thinkers as Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Epicurus, Zeno of Kition, Pyrrho, Plotinus and others, the author consistently pursues the idea of the primacy of life choice in relation to the theoretical content of philosophical doctrines. Particular attention is paid to teaching methods in ancient schools and the “spiritual exercises” practiced there. The book is written in simple, accessible language, includes a large number of excerpts from primary sources and is addressed to a wide readership. Can serve as a teaching aid for students.