Today we are experiencing an era of global demographic revolution, when humanity is moving to limited reproduction. Why is this happening and what does this greatest event lead to? Not only the distant future depends on the answer to these questions, but also the approach to solving today's problems, in particular to analyzing the causes and consequences of the global crisis. In the book, in a form accessible to non-specialists, the famous scientist sets out his demographic concept, explaining the ongoing processes, reflects on the fate of the world and the challenges facing humanity. The text of the book was translated from the original language using an artificial intelligence program. For the most part, the translation of the text is of very high quality, but in some cases, due to the imperfection of the technology, there may be incorrect phrase translations in the text, as well as single words and expressions may not be translated.