The problems of varicose veins as a disease and as a symptom of a number of pathological processes in the veins and arteries are reflected. The concepts of etiology and pathogenesis are given, modern views on classification are highlighted, groups of patients are identified, allowing the correct and optimal choice of treatment method, including surgery. Indications were determined not only for radical methods of phlebectomy, but also for minimally invasive interventions (laser destruction, coagulation, cryophlebectomy, sclerophlebotherapy). Attention was paid to complications that arise in the early and late stages after surgery. Ways to prevent them are indicated. For phlebologists, practicing surgeons, and students of medical universities.