The book is dedicated to one of the most interesting and mysterious civilizations in the history of the ancient world - the proto-Indian one, which existed in the Indus Valley in the 3rd-2nd millennium BC. The reader can get acquainted not only with the latest research results of this hitherto unknown fragment of human history, but also with the insoluble problems that scientists faced when deciphering the Proto-Indian system of writing and language, when considering issues of ecology, mythology, calendar, as well as other historical and cultural topics. The book provides a general panorama of civilization, against the background of which comparisons are made between archaic and our modern culture. Intended for Indologists, historians, ethnographers, as well as a wide range of readers interested in the history of world culture.