Scientifically-analytical generalization of achievements of modern genetics is Given - fundamental biological science about the material carriers of the inherited information, being motive forces of historical development of the organic world on Earth. History of becoming of genetics, deposit of the Russian, Belarussian and foreign scientists, opens up in her development, studies of Charles Darwin about the evolution of the organic world on Earth. Are illuminated achievements of биогеннотехнологии on the basis of the genetic engineering on creation of highly-productive plants, highly productive animals, микроорганизмов-продуцентов of bioactive substances for medicine, veterinary science and national economy.Counted on biologists, geneticists, veterinary and medical doctors, students of biological, veterinary and medical faculties of universities, graduate students, master's degrees, bachelors.