Contemporaries called Nikolai Fedorov the “Moscow Socrates”, the best minds of the era - L.N. Tolstoy and F.M. Dostoevsky - considered him a genius. Fedorov is the author of the philosophical project of achieving immortality for all living and resurrecting the dead, one of the first philosophers to comprehend the relationship between Man and the Cosmos. Fedorov was revered as a predecessor and predictor of their discoveries by Vernadsky, Tsiolkovsky and Korolev. When in the 20th century a Russian man paved the way to Space, the European press responded to this event with the article “Two Gagarins,” recalling that Nikolai Fedorov was the illegitimate son of Prince Gagarin. Nikolai Fedorov entered the history of philosophy as a subverter of classical German philosophy, as well as an irreconcilable opponent of Friedrich Nietzsche.