This book provides the first and most complete overview in the domestic scientific literature of the evolutionary foundations of human nonverbal communication. The most modern theories of evolutionary psychology are presented and materials obtained in recent years by domestic and foreign specialists, including the author of the book personally, are presented. The basis is based on the materials of lecture courses on “Human Ethology” and “Theory and Practice of Intercultural Communication”, read by the author for social anthropologists, cultural scientists and linguists at the Russian State University for the Humanities. The book can be used as a teaching aid for students of anthropologists, cultural scientists, psychologists, sociologists, linguists and philosophers. It can serve as a guide for anyone who wants to gain an adequate understanding of the modern understanding of the role of nature and culture in human behavior.