This publication is published in a new edition made by A.T. Fomenko. It is noticeably different from the previous ones. The authors, based on original mathematical-statistical methods and extensive computer calculations, continue their analysis of ancient and medieval chronology. What is actually described in the famous book of Marco Polo’s travels. Who is Marco Polo? The chronology of Egypt is analyzed. When, how and why were the pyramids built? It turns out that many of the huge structures of “Ancient” Egypt were built from geopolymer concrete. Why are some “ancient” Egyptian hieroglyphic texts surprisingly similar to chapters from the Russian “Tale of Bygone Years”? The hypothesis is substantiated that the “ancient” Egyptian pharaoh Thutmes III is the medieval Sultan Mohammed II, who, in turn, was the father of the “ancient” Alexander the Great. “Ancient Egyptian” pharaoh Tutankhamun and Tsarevich Dmitry, killed in Uglich. Who are the Etruscans? Where did they come from? And why today are the works of historians A.D. withdrawn from scientific circulation, and therefore forgotten? Chertkov and F. Volansky, who read the “mysterious”, supposedly unreadable, Etruscan inscriptions back in the middle of the last century? The Appendix contains a fragment of the book of the undeservedly forgotten medieval historian Mavro Orbini “On Slavic Glory” and a list of sources (more than 200) that Orbini used when writing his book about the history of the Slavs, closely intertwined with “ancient” Roman history.