The Philosophical History of the Human Race is one of the main works of Antoine Fabre d'Olivet. In it, the author, perhaps one of the first in Europe, speaking about cosmogony, expresses the hypothesis of polygenism - the origin of human races from different sources. At the same time, according to Fabre d'Oliva, all people on earth are subject to one law of the dialectical dyad - freedom and necessity, and at the highest level - Providence and Fate. The worldview concept of the outstanding French polymath, mystic and esotericist, who possessed supernatural abilities and the gift of miracles, organically combines the ideas of early Aryan Hinduism (Rama-Dionysus), Pythagoreanism, classical antiquity, Mithraism and integral Roman Catholicism. Fabre d'Olivet sees the future of Europe, like his contemporary Count Joseph de Maistre, in a universal theocracy led by the Pope, which makes both French thinkers the ideological predecessors of the great Russian religious philosopher Vladimir Solovyov. The esoteric historiosophical heritage of Antoine Fabre d'Olivet also had a strong influence on Father Pavel Florensky. “The Philosophical History of the Human Race” by Antoine Fabre d’Olivet is published in Russian for the first time.