This book is about a new Inquisition, a new idol and a new agnosticism. I call the new inquisition the traditions of suppression and intimidation that are becoming ubiquitous in the modern scientific world. I call the new idol the dogmatic ideology of the new Inquisition. I call the new agnosticism “model agnosticism,” that is, the ability to approach agnostically not only a particular model of “God,” but generally all philosophical and ideological models. This book is deliberately polemical, because I believe that models, like weapons, need to be tested in battle, which Nietzsche metaphorically called “war”, and Marx - “the struggle and unity of opposites.” This book is deliberately controversial because I don't want the ideas expressed in this book to seem less profound and amazing than they actually are. If you think that some of the ideas in this book contradict my previous views, you are mistaken. I still think high-tech civilization is better than primitive civilization; I still do not idealize the Middle Ages (which I consider an era of obscurantism); I still talk about space colonization, increasing life expectancy, and defending other ideas that seem crazy to conservatives. I continue to believe that, while the scientific establishment I deride here is vile, it is clearly inferior to the religious establishment, especially its Christian and Islamic branches. In criticizing so-called materialist fundamentalism, I am arguing against fundamentalism, not materialism.