The textbook “Fundamentals of Psychophysiology” covers all the topics that make up the content of a course in psychophysiology in accordance with the State Educational Standard of Higher Professional Education, and additionally those issues that represent “growth points” and attract significant attention from researchers. The textbook describes the main methodological approaches and methods developed both in domestic and foreign psychophysiology, the latest achievements of this science. This textbook, which reflects the current state of psychophysiology in its entirety, is intended for students, graduate students, researchers, and all those who are interested in the methodology of science, psychology, psychophysiology, neuroscience, methods and results of objective study of the psyche.