How and why did a distant from politics physicist-theorist, creator of soviet thermonuclear weapon, become the defender of human rights? Was there a h-bomb created by our scientists independently or through secret service? What was meant by science and freedom for Andrey Сахарова, how did he look at the fate and that thought of correlation of the personal and public, scientific search of truth and religious sense? A science historian, author, answers on these questions many books and reasons, sanctified to popularization of science and riddles of her history. First complete biography of Сахарова the documents declassified subsequent to his death are the basis of, and certificates of ten of people, knowing the hero of book a student, scientist and правозащитником, at work and in the circle of family. A book is illustrated by rare photos.Edition 4th, corrected and complemented