The manual considers an approach to the formation of managerial decisions in the economy based on cognitive methods and technologies, which are a model of such a mysterious natural phenomenon as human consciousness. The role of cognitive methods increases as the influence of uncertainty factors grows. Under these conditions, the use of complex mathematical algorithms for managing economic objects seems problematic. Therefore, it is proposed to use control algorithms that are based on imitation of the mental work of the human brain. A bihemispheric brain model based on the method of semantic information analysis has been studied. The model uses a semantic coordinate - truth, which, as it was found, has a quantum structure. This made it possible to form new knowledge as an object of a higher metalevel with a new semantic core of knowledge truth. It is shown that in relation to the economy under conditions of a strong influence of uncertainty factors, managerial decisions are reduced to the formation of a fractal structure of financial and economic indicators of an economic object. As a methodological example of the efficiency of the cognitive method, an alternative version of the concept of the theory of surplus value by K. Marx was formed, which made it possible to identify (as new knowledge) the conditions for refusing wage labor.Published in the author's edition. Publisher's layout saved in a4.pdf format.