The monograph consists of historical and biographical essays on the life and work of prominent doctors and scientists from Russia and other countries. The essays are united by the history of ideas in endocrinology and in the study of metabolic disorders. The history of diabetology and thyroidology is considered in particular detail, from ancient times to the present day.A separate chapter is devoted to domestic physicians of the late 19th - first half of the 20th century, who made outstanding discoveries at a very young age - in the era of the Silver Age of Russia culture and science. Their further dramatic fate is traced against the background of the historical context of the wars and revolutions that Russia went through.For the first time, unique biographical materials about A. F. K. Zivert, L. R. Perelman, N. I. Taratynov are presented and others, about the circumstances of the illness and death of I. S. Turgenev, the author's hypotheses are given about new prototypes of literary heroes - Evgeny Bazarov and Yuri Zhivago.A number of essays are devoted to the largest medical scientists of the West, whose biographies and known to the domestic reader (bibl. 446 sources, 126 illustrations).The monograph consists of historical and biographical essays about the life and legacies of outstanding physicians and scientists from Russia and other countries. Essays on the history of ideas are mostly dedicated to the field of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disorders.Especially in detail, from the earliest times to the present day the authors examine the history of Diabetology and Thyroidology. A separate chapter is devoted to the domestic physicians of the late XIX – early XX century, who made outstanding discoveries in a very young age, during the Silver Age of Russian culture and science. Their further dramatic fate traced against the backdrop of the historical context of wars and revolutions, through which Russia has passed.For the first time the book presents a unique biographical material about A. F. K. Zivert, L. R. Perelman, N. I. Taratynov and others, about the circumstances of illness and death of I. S. Turgenev. Also in the monograph the author’s hypotheses are coined about the new prototypes of the literary heroes – Yevgeny Bazarov and Yury Zhivago (bibliography 446 refs., 126 figs).