The book tells about the many-sided past and amazing present of the “Island of the Arabs”, about the kingdoms and peoples of Ancient Arabia that have gone into legend, about its rich treasury of myths and tales. The diary of times and events of the Arabian Peninsula presented in the book will introduce the reader to the daring plans of the great the conquerors of the Ancient World, the rulers of the Roman Empire and the rulers of Byzantium for the conquest of Southern Arabia, or the “Land of Incense,” as it was also called; will tell about the intense rivalry for the Persian Gulf basin and the influence in the sheikhdoms of the “pearl belt” of Arabia of the major maritime powers-conquistadors of the past - Portugal and Holland, England and France, as well as about the activities of Russia in this region. The story contained in the book about modern life of the six monarchical countries of the Arabian Peninsula, united in an influential multifaceted organization in the Arab world - the Cooperation Council. The book attracts attention with a solid array of archival documents presented in it, which have not been published anywhere before by anyone.