The book, offered to the reader’s attention, invites him on a fascinating historical and ethnographic journey to the Kingdom of Bahrain, the legendary Dilmun and the famous Awal in the past. In this book, the reader will find interesting information about the present and distant past of Bahrain, about life and customs, traditions and morals of its people. The book will introduce the reader to unknown and little-known documents of the “Bahrain dossier” of the Foreign Policy Archive of the Russian Empire, with reports and reference materials of Russian diplomats-orientalists, with notes and memories of Arab, European and Russian travelers about Bahrain.