Alfred J. Ayer's book Language, Truth and Logic (1936), which occupies a special place in analytical philosophy, marks the transfer to English-speaking soil of the ideas of a new philosophical direction - logical positivism, which arose within the framework of the Vienna Circle. This book begins the departure of Oxford philosophy of the early 20th century from the positions of absolute idealism, unusual for English philosophers, and a return to the problems of empirical sources of knowledge. This process, reinforced by influences emanating from Cambridge, led to the emergence of what is today called modern analytic philosophy. Complementing the traditions of English empiricism with new methods of logical and linguistic analysis, A. Ayer’s book, along with the works of B. Russell, J.E. Moore and L. Wittgenstein, served as the source of a linguistic turn that changed the image of philosophy of the 20th century. The significance of A. Ayer’s book Language, Truth and Logic is evidenced by the fact that it is one of the most published books on analytical philosophy. To this day, only in language About a million copies of the original were published, not counting reprints in various languages of the world. This book remains one of the most popular introductions to philosophy in the English-speaking world, being a required textbook in many universities in the UK and USA. Performing an important didactic task, it greatly shapes the image of philosophy not only among professional philosophers, but also among the general public.