The publication introduces the reader to the history of Buddhism, the life of Gautama Shakyamuni, the founder of this religion; reveals the peculiarities of the doctrine and cult of Buddhism, notes the contribution of this religion to world culture; as well as its significance for the history and culture of Russia. The book’s material is supplemented by a brief terminological dictionary, primary source texts and a list of recommended literature. The publication is intended for a wide range of readers - everyone who wants to expand their knowledge about religion, in particular about Buddhism.