The book is the first Russian language publication of selected works by the famous English philosopher G. Ryle. A number of his ideas, primarily related to the philosophical analysis of consciousness and action, understanding the nature of categories and dilemmas, and the disclosure of misconceptions arising as a result of “category errors,” had a significant influence on the development of modern philosophy. Ryle's book will undoubtedly attract the attention of not only philosophers, but also psychologists and everyone interested in the mysteries of human consciousness and language.