This book tells in a simple and accessible form about the specifics of the translator's profession; about how modern science understands the role and functions of language as a means of recording information about the outside world and its exchange in the process of communication; about how the translation process occurs; about its varieties and genres. Along with issues of modern theory of language and translation, no less attention is paid in the book to the practical side of the translator's activity. The material presented in the book is illustrated with vivid, memorable examples. Intended for translators as a teaching aid for students of language educational institutions and students of advanced training courses, teachers of language and translation educational institutions when teaching courses "Theory and Practice of Translation", as well as all those who are interested in and involved in translation.