The famous British scientist Professor John Perry presents the history of European geographical exploration and discovery, the development of trade and settlements outside Europe from the beginning of the 15th to the end of the 17th century. This was the era when Europe discovered the world beyond its borders. It began with Henry the Navigator and the Portuguese voyages and ended 250 years later when the "exploration" was almost complete. Professor Perry examines the political, economic, and religious incentives that motivated European exploration and conquest, and examines the nature and challenges of their settlements in colonized lands. The author draws attention to the fact that this era witnessed not only the fastest spread of geographical knowledge in Europe, but also the beginning of a close connection between pure science and technology and practical life. And he notes that it was during this period, especially in the second half, that European scientists outlined the contours of the physical Universe as we know it. Antique engravings add information and embellish the narrative.