Alexei Alekseevich Ukhtomsky (1875–1942) is one of the most outstanding Russian thinkers of the twentieth century. His doctrine of the dominant as a universal general biological principle underlying the activity of all living systems anticipated a number of areas of modern research and continues to attract close attention from specialists in various fields of knowledge. The theory of dominance allows us to study not only physiological, but also psychological and social processes. In fact, Ukhtomsky created a coherent concept of man at the intersection of various sciences: physiology, psychology, philosophy, sociology and ethics.