Humanity has matured. Modern man can no longer live by beliefs. It has outgrown “faith” as the dominant way of forming a worldview. He no longer blindly believes in anything: in the Buddha, the Pythagorean theorem, or the natural inalienable rights of man. Rather, he believes in logically mutually exclusive things. Moreover, it turns out that the stronger the belief in one thing, the stronger the belief in the opposite. Modern man urgently needs to look for new, as solid as possible foundations for his spiritual, social and political life. He has much broader views and fewer social taboos. He will never appeal to traditions, considering them absolute good and innovations evil. The system of views of modern man is made up of a gradation of hopes. Modern man is a hopeful man. This book is a discussion about the evolution of human thinking from antiquity to the present day. The author gives examples from literature, world history, politics; analyzes philosophical works of different years and eras.