The book is devoted to the analysis of the creative development of M. Tsvetaeva and the formation of her lifetime literary reputation. The history of the author's writing experience is examined in relation to the cultural context and key discourses of the era of modernism (Nietzscheanism, the demonism of the artist, the metaphysics of gender, the antinomy of nature and culture, etc.). This allows us to connect together the issues of creative ideology, poetics and author’s identity. The evolution and complex interaction of these series can be traced using the material of Tsvetaeva’s entire work, with the involvement of a vast layer of lifetime criticism and archival sources. For the second edition, the text of the book has been newly edited and supplemented: many wordings have undergone changes, certain small fragments have been excluded or significantly revised, and interpretations of a number of Tsvetaeva’s works have been expanded and clarified. The bibliographic apparatus has been significantly updated due to the emergence of new archival publications and◦editions of research literature.