The book is dedicated to the history of the formation of Western Marxism (or neo-Marxism). The author examines in detail the evolution of G. Lukács’s worldview, as well as the political, ideological and academic aspects of the activities of the university created in 1923. Frankfurt Institute for Social Research in the context of the intellectual history of Weimar Germany. Based on a large number of lifetime publications, materials and archival documents published in recent decades, little-studied facts of the biographies of G. Lukács, M. Horkheimer, W. Benjamin, T. Adorno and other creators of Western Marxism are revealed. For specialists in the field of history of philosophy, sociology, political science and the humanities - researchers, teachers, graduate students and students.