This book is the first attempt to reconstruct one of the key plots of the forced modernization of Ukrainian culture in the 20th century - the history of literary theory and criticism in the Soviet part of Ukraine in the 1920s and early 1930s. Much has been written about the Ukrainian cultural modernization of the 1920s, but behind individual cases and ideological preferences, the big picture is sometimes not visible—the real revolution in literary thought and technology that took place under Soviet construction. This is the story of how a general revolutionary project was intertwined with the process of nation formation. “The Atlantis of Soviet National Modernism” carefully recreates the broad cultural-historical and political-ideological context of the development of Ukrainian literary criticism, taking into account the complex relationship between universal avant-garde artistic concepts and modern nationally-oriented culture. Galina Babak is a literary historian, a doctoral graduate of Charles University (Prague), and a researcher at New Europe College (Bucharest). Alexander Dmitriev is a leading researcher at IGITI named after A. V. Poletaev, associate professor at the School of Historical Sciences, National Research University Higher School of Economics.