The purpose of the book is to draw the reader’s attention to the problem of labor, to show how this phenomenon was assessed in the history of philosophical thought, to trace the evolution of attitudes towards work and the concept of “labor” itself. What is the modern perception of work, why do the phenomenon of the “end of work” in its classical sense and the problem of workaholism coexist? The sociocultural situation gives every reason to assume that the perception of work inherent in modern humanity will inevitably move into some next stage, the outlines of which are already emerging as harbingers of the upcoming post-industrial society.