In 2000, a very indicative work from the point of view of the history of science was published in Germany entitled “Bibliography of texts on physiognomy” (“Bibliographie von Texten zur Rhyiognomik”), in which, on 560 pages, a systematic review of more than 3,500 European primary sources was given on this issue. Moreover, it covered works from 400 BC until 1999 AD, which was supposed to emphasize the fundamental nature of this systematization. From which it follows that the desire to scientifically describe and recognize the spiritual and intellectual world of man by its external signs was inherent in the cognitive desires of mankind even in the early stages of the emergence of cultural and historical communities. The authors of this compendium emphasize that it examines the principles of only the European tradition, since similar problems were presented in the treatises of the ancient Babylonians, Egyptians, Indians and Chinese. Also, modern archaeologists studying the antiquity of the human race argue that even in the first images of the Stone Age, prehistoric artists always tried, even using primitive methods, to convey the specific appearance of their fellow tribesmen and strangers, invariably contrasting them with each other. In addition to purely physiognomic treatises, here are also presented related works devoted to the study of facial expressions, expression, temperament, phrenology, psychodiagnostics, pathognomy, states of affect, as well as guidelines for artists and sculptors specializing in depicting manifestations of human nature. In a word, the compilers of this encyclopedic review have accomplished a genuine scientific feat, bringing into the system a huge body of knowledge about human nature from ancient times to the present day. It should be especially emphasized that many medieval, and even ancient, treatises on this issue are still being republished in various countries in academic format as timeless masterpieces of natural philosophical thought, which once again demonstrates that classical knowledge of an external descriptive nature is still in demand, despite the flourishing of modern methods of psychometry, neurology and gene diagnostics. Thus, the exact sciences have not excluded the emotional view and intuition from the sphere of knowledge about human nature. Consequently, a certain balance between objective and subjective methods of cognition is preserved, and therefore the eternal dispute between “lyricists” and “physicists” is not exhausted.