The collection includes materials from the international scientific conference “Soviet nations and national politics in the 1920s–1950s,” held in Kyiv in October 2013. The conference, the sixth in the series “History of Stalinism,” was dedicated to one of the most relevant historiographical and political problems of our time. Bloody wars, disintegration of a number of states along ethnic lines, interethnic conflicts and clashes that threaten the stability and integrity of the world constantly remind us of the fundamental importance and complexity of the national issue. At the same time, political practice and numerous scientific studies proceed from the fact that national contradictions and ethnic conflicts are caused not only by current conditions and events, but also to a large extent by historical heritage. This makes us more attentive to the study of such a phenomenon as historical experience. The development of Soviet nations and national policies in the 1920s–1950s undoubtedly forms an important part of it. The conference was attended by specialists from Russia, Germany, Ukraine, the USA, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Lithuania, Estonia, France, Israel, Belarus, Uzbekistan, Hungary, Azerbaijan. The publication is addressed to researchers and anyone interested in the social and political history of Russia.