Sheikh Farid ad-Dii Attar Nishapuri was a spiritual mentor and brilliant poet who lived in the 12th century. This publication is a translation of Attar’s famous poem “The Logic of Birds”, never published in Russian, the title of which can also be translated as “The Language of Birds”. The poem is one of the pearls of Persian literature. Its plot is connected with the story of the journey of birds who wanted to find his Master, the legendary Simurgh - this allegory refers to stories about the real spiritual journeys of people who united in the name of a joint search for the Truth, for examples of such unifications in the history of spiritual ascents of mankind are found everywhere. Attar has great predecessors in the literature of peoples who embraced Islam, —among them it is enough to name Abu Ali ibn Sina and Abu Hamid al-Ghazali, who left their descriptions of their travels to the Simurgh. Despite this, “The Logic of Birds” turned out to be among the classic works that are an example of a balanced presentation of many principles and nuances of the spiritual path. Critics noted that Attar, in an allegorical, allegorical form, managed not only to express a lot, but also to create a subtle aroma of understatement and secrets, for which there are no adequate concepts and words in ordinary language. This combination, supported by the authority and experience of Sheikh Attar himself, allowed the poem to maintain its relevance over the centuries for many people who made spiritual practice the core of their existence. And in our time, this ancient text worries those who are not indifferent to their own fate. “The Logic of Birds” immerses the thoughtful reader in the wonderful world of Attar, a poet and mystic, and helps seekers in creating the necessary internal guidelines. The publication is of interest to cultural scientists, historians of religions, philosophers and for all readers interested in the history of spiritual culture.