The manual reveals a neuropsychological approach to the prevention of learning difficulties, built on the principles of the school of L. S. Vygotsky - A. R. Luria. It contains general principles of work, specific methods and examples of overcoming various types of learning difficulties caused by insufficient development of various mental functions. Particular attention is paid to the development of children’s ability to plan and control their actions, and to successfully process visual and visual-spatial information. All methods were tested at the Center for Psychological, Medical and Social Support of Children and Adolescents of the Moscow Department of Education and the Center for Curative Pedagogy and showed high effectiveness in group and individual work with children. This textbook will allow future psychologists, educators and teachers to master the theory and become familiar with methods of developmental and correctional-developmental education. The publication is addressed to psychologists, educators, teachers of school preparation groups and correctional-developmental education classes, speech therapists, and speech pathologists. It can also be used by parents who want to understand how to teach children to learn, how to prevent possible school difficulties. Recommended by the Council on Psychology of the UMO for classical university education as a textbook for students of higher educational institutions studying in the direction and specialties of psychology