Alfa-M/Infra-M, 2011, 416 pages This manual on the general scientific discipline “History and Philosophy of Science” (“Philosophy of Science”) was prepared in full accordance with the requirements of the candidate exam program approved by the Ministry of Education of Russia. The contents of the 2nd edition have been revised taking into account comments and suggestions from graduate students and relevant organizations. The appendices contain educational and methodological material for studying the course “History and Philosophy of Science”. The glossary contains 173 terms in the philosophy of science. For graduate students of technical universities and classical universities studying in natural sciences and technical specialties