This book is an attempt at a philosophical and sociological understanding of the history of the Earth and humanity. In the language of the publicist, the prevailing theories in modern science about the origin of the Earth and life on it, about the features of the social organization of the primitive community, the civilizations of the Ancient World, the ancient civilization that gave birth to the modern Western and our Eurasian civilization are presented. Particular attention is paid to the eras of the Middle Ages, Renaissance (Renaissance) and decline (decadence), global problems of humanity in the 20th - early 21st centuries and technological forecasts for solving these problems in the foreseeable future of the next two or three decades. The book is neither a history textbook nor a philosophical treatise. Simply - a book to read, written by a historian and sociologist, designed for a wide range of readers and, above all, decision-makers.