The textbook is devoted to the problems of childhood in the new reality of changes in the world, the child, and the model of childhood. The authors widely used materials from the round table discussions “Multidisciplinary vision of sociocultural challenges to school: complementarity and opposition (2015)” (UlSPU named after I.N. Ulyanov). Ulyanovsk, 2015. The leading ideas of primary, secondary and high school are formulated, the growth of subjectivity of pupils is noted in the conditions of a new reality - the integration of the world of children into the adult world, the world of an inclusive educational environment. The textbook solves the problem of “immersion” of students (future teachers and educators) into the educational zone of experimental work, including in the conditions of meta-subject teaching. It is proven that the subject of a teacher’s work is the space between individuals, that in primary school the idea of self-correction as a competence (concept) is implemented. A presentation of the real experience of a primary school teacher will help to practically imagine the path of work to implement the ideas of meta-subject teaching and inclusive education.