The book is devoted to the analysis of the process of scientific creativity. Extraordinary problems, their sources and methods of formulation, approaches to solution, the search for optimal paths to discovery, methods for solving scientific problems, including paradoxes - this is the main set of issues considered by the author on the basis of extensive historical and scientific material. The book describes the logic of the process of scientific creativity, characterizes its nature, shows the features and forms of its manifestation in the factors of search activity. The logical structures of the cognitive process are also considered, samples of solutions to scientific problems are analyzed, and models of the structure of the creative process are proposed. Questions related to the process of discovery are discussed, namely: how are great discoveries made? How does science move from existing knowledge to fundamentally different knowledge that does not logically follow from the previous one? Showing how the search for answers to these questions and other similar problems is carried out, identifying patterns, mechanisms and means of discovery is the purpose of this book. For philosophers, scientific methodologists and anyone interested in the problems of scientific creativity.