The publication continues the series of books “Palaeontology of the Anthropologist” by Stanislav Drobyshevsky, candidate of biological sciences, scientific editor of the portal “ANTHROPOGENES.RU” and popularizer of science. In the new book, the author brings the reader to the most interesting moment - the appearance of man. However, our ancestors still had to live to see this: to be always on the alert, surviving and eliminating competitors. What was the fate of our ancestors? Who were their main competitors? What happened to the climate during this period? What influence did he have on them? And what could pigs, cats, hyenas... and people have in common?